I had this problem once before so when I encountered it i knew how to fix it.
Main (The Hard drive originally in your computer) Clone (The new Hard Drive in your computer)
Step 1.)
Connect your Clone to the Inside of your computer as the Master (or boot from it)
Connect your Main to your computer in any way u want/can (do not boot from this drive)
Step 2.)
Login to your computer, if your desktop loads skip to step 3
Step 2b.) If you still get the Black Screen Of nothing hit Ctrl + shift + esc
End explorer.exe
file > run explorer
Step 2c.) If your desktop still doesn't load
ctrl + shift + esc
FIle > Run explorer
this should open (My) computer
Step 2d.)
Go to your desktop through the explorer
then Right click (my) Computer > manage
Step 3.) Click storage then click Computer Management
Step 4.)
Look at your drive configuration, does your C drive have system under it?
if its another drive with system under (for example D drive) and you have a C drive present
Right click your C drive > Change drive letter and path
Step 5.) Click Change then select any drive letter you like.
Step 6.) shutdown
Step 7.) pull out Main
Step 8.) Start Computer
Step 9.) If your computer starts without a hitch congrats your new HDD is working.
Step 9b.) If not reconnect your Main Hdd and change this registry value
Open regedit
go to this location
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\MountedDevices
look for \DosDevices\C:
Step 9c.)
Modify this key to any random letter for example \DosDevices\C: to \DosDevices\O:\
Step 9d.) shutdown remove Main and start your computer
Step 9e.) If your new HDD still fails to boot correctly then try reCloning it or try checking the smart values on the Main HDD.